2018年2月26日星期一
2015年3月23日星期一
Insomnia
Insomnia, or sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep as long as desired.[1][2] While the term is sometimes used to describe a disorder demonstrated by polysomnographic or actigraphic evidence of disturbed sleep, this sleep disorder is often practically defined as a positive response to either of two questions: "Do you experience difficulty sleeping?" or "Do you have difficulty falling or staying asleep?"[2]
Insomnia is most often thought of as both a medical sign and a symptom[2][3] that can accompany several sleep, medical, and psychiatric disorders characterized by a persistent difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep or sleep of poor quality. Insomnia is typically followed by functional impairment while awake. Insomnia can occur at any age, but it is particularly common in the elderly.[4] Insomnia can be short term (up to three weeks) or long term (above 3–4 weeks); it can lead to memory problems, depression, irritability and an increased risk of heart disease and automobile related accidents.[5]
Those who are having trouble sleeping sometimes turn to sleeping pills, which can help when used occasionally but may lead to substance dependency or addiction if used regularly for an extended period.[6]
Insomnia is most often thought of as both a medical sign and a symptom[2][3] that can accompany several sleep, medical, and psychiatric disorders characterized by a persistent difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep or sleep of poor quality. Insomnia is typically followed by functional impairment while awake. Insomnia can occur at any age, but it is particularly common in the elderly.[4] Insomnia can be short term (up to three weeks) or long term (above 3–4 weeks); it can lead to memory problems, depression, irritability and an increased risk of heart disease and automobile related accidents.[5]
Those who are having trouble sleeping sometimes turn to sleeping pills, which can help when used occasionally but may lead to substance dependency or addiction if used regularly for an extended period.[6]
2015年3月15日星期日
针刺放血
针刺放血的部位是循着人体的经络的，一般是在体表、四肢远端。
因为中医认为，当人体内有病邪时，体内的正气会将病邪往外“赶”，即使不能“赶出”体外，也可以“赶”到体表、远离心脏的地方。因此，一些脏腑的病变也会反映在体表皮肤。刺络法的目的就是在这些病邪集中的体表处开一个“气口”，使病邪循经而出，排出体外。
因为中医认为，当人体内有病邪时，体内的正气会将病邪往外“赶”，即使不能“赶出”体外，也可以“赶”到体表、远离心脏的地方。因此，一些脏腑的病变也会反映在体表皮肤。刺络法的目的就是在这些病邪集中的体表处开一个“气口”，使病邪循经而出，排出体外。
Bekam adalah membuang toksin dengan mengeluarkan darah kotor
2015年3月13日星期五
Hypercholesterolemia/胆固醇过高/Hiperkolesterolemia
https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/111067650949435403208/+TcmbansingBlogspot/posts
Hypercholesterolemia (also spelled hypercholesterolaemia also called dyslipidemia) is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood.It is a form of "hyperlipidemia" (elevated levels of lipids in the blood) and "hyperlipoproteinemia" (elevated levels of lipoproteins in the blood).
Cholesterol is a sterol; see the diagrammatic structure at the right. It is one of three major classes of lipids which all animal cells utilize to construct their membranes and is thus manufactured by all animal cells. Plant cells do not manufacture cholesterol. It is also the precursor of the steroid hormones, bile acids and vitamin D.
Since cholesterol is insoluble in water, it is transported in the blood plasma within protein particles (lipoproteins). Lipoproteins are classified by their density: very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL).[2] All the lipoproteins carry cholesterol, but elevated levels of the lipoproteins other than HDL (termed non-HDL cholesterol), particularly LDL-cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. In contrast, higher levels of HDL cholesterol are protective. Elevated levels of non-HDL cholesterol and LDL in the blood may be a consequence of diet, obesity, inherited (genetic) diseases (such as LDL receptor mutations in familial hypercholesterolemia), or the presence of other diseases such as diabetes and an underactive thyroid.
胆固醇过高或过低都会造成健康风险；总胆固醇最佳值是在130mg/dL~200mg/dL之间，此时拥有最低的健康风险；低于130mg/dL就需要检查是否有重病或营养不良、也会增加出血性中风、忧郁等疾病风险，超过240mg/dL也不健康。
吃下肚的脂质进入十二指肠后，会由叫做胰脂酶的酵素部分分解，释出其中的脂肪酸，由肝脏合成成为胆固醇。
胆固醇通常能在肝脏与细胞来去，并在必须时经由肝脏转换成脂蛋白供人体使用；胆固醇不溶于水，与低密度脂蛋白及高密度脂蛋白结合，随血液运行。如果低密度脂蛋白比高密度脂蛋白多出太多，在血液中运行的胆固醇就会多于细胞所需的量，这时过剩的胆固醇会积聚在血管壁上。这个过程叫做动脉粥样硬化，会导致心脏病。但当胆固醇凝结在血管壁上将阻碍血流，严重时形成血栓，可能并发心血管疾病，如高血压、中风。
胆固醇若过低，则容易造成出血型中风、忧郁等疾病；不然就是癌症等重病造成的；不过多数健康人不用担心饮食会造成此风险，只有纯素者会有因为饮食而造成胆固醇过低的风险，饮食中只要有少量的鸡蛋、牛奶、鱼肉或其他动物性食品，大多不会造成胆固醇过低。
需要担心胆固醇过高的人远比胆固醇过低的人多，要避免胆固醇过高，注意食物胆固醇含量几乎无效，这是因为身体合成的胆固醇远大于食物摄取的胆固醇，而饱和脂肪、反式脂肪及自由基会刺激身体合成胆固醇、最新研究显示红肉的瘦肉部分也会增加胆固醇合成。
"Hiperkolesterolemia" adalah adanya tingkat tinggi kolesterol dalam darah.dalam bentuk "hiperlipidemia" (peningkatan kadar lipid dalam darah) dan atau "hiperlipoproteinemia" (peningkatan kadar lipoprotein dalam darah).
Kolesterol adalah sterol, lihat struktur diagram di sebelah kanan. Ini adalah salah satu dari tiga kelompok utama lipid yang semua sel hewan guna membangun membran sel hewan dan diproduksi oleh semua sel-sel hewan. Sel tumbuhan tidak memproduksi kolesterol. Ini juga merupakan prekursor dari hormon steroid, asam empedu dan vitamin D.
Karena kolesterol tidak larut dalam air, diangkut dalam plasma darah dalam partikel protein (lipoprotein). Lipoprotein diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kepadatan mereka: lipoprotein kepadatan sangat rendah (VLDL), lipoprotein kepadatan menengah (IDL), lipoprotein kepadatan rendah (LDL) dan lipoprotein kepadatan tinggi (HDL).
Hypercholesterolemia (also spelled hypercholesterolaemia also called dyslipidemia) is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood.It is a form of "hyperlipidemia" (elevated levels of lipids in the blood) and "hyperlipoproteinemia" (elevated levels of lipoproteins in the blood).
Cholesterol is a sterol; see the diagrammatic structure at the right. It is one of three major classes of lipids which all animal cells utilize to construct their membranes and is thus manufactured by all animal cells. Plant cells do not manufacture cholesterol. It is also the precursor of the steroid hormones, bile acids and vitamin D.
Since cholesterol is insoluble in water, it is transported in the blood plasma within protein particles (lipoproteins). Lipoproteins are classified by their density: very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL).[2] All the lipoproteins carry cholesterol, but elevated levels of the lipoproteins other than HDL (termed non-HDL cholesterol), particularly LDL-cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. In contrast, higher levels of HDL cholesterol are protective. Elevated levels of non-HDL cholesterol and LDL in the blood may be a consequence of diet, obesity, inherited (genetic) diseases (such as LDL receptor mutations in familial hypercholesterolemia), or the presence of other diseases such as diabetes and an underactive thyroid.
胆固醇过高或过低都会造成健康风险；总胆固醇最佳值是在130mg/dL~200mg/dL之间，此时拥有最低的健康风险；低于130mg/dL就需要检查是否有重病或营养不良、也会增加出血性中风、忧郁等疾病风险，超过240mg/dL也不健康。
吃下肚的脂质进入十二指肠后，会由叫做胰脂酶的酵素部分分解，释出其中的脂肪酸，由肝脏合成成为胆固醇。
胆固醇通常能在肝脏与细胞来去，并在必须时经由肝脏转换成脂蛋白供人体使用；胆固醇不溶于水，与低密度脂蛋白及高密度脂蛋白结合，随血液运行。如果低密度脂蛋白比高密度脂蛋白多出太多，在血液中运行的胆固醇就会多于细胞所需的量，这时过剩的胆固醇会积聚在血管壁上。这个过程叫做动脉粥样硬化，会导致心脏病。但当胆固醇凝结在血管壁上将阻碍血流，严重时形成血栓，可能并发心血管疾病，如高血压、中风。
胆固醇若过低，则容易造成出血型中风、忧郁等疾病；不然就是癌症等重病造成的；不过多数健康人不用担心饮食会造成此风险，只有纯素者会有因为饮食而造成胆固醇过低的风险，饮食中只要有少量的鸡蛋、牛奶、鱼肉或其他动物性食品，大多不会造成胆固醇过低。
需要担心胆固醇过高的人远比胆固醇过低的人多，要避免胆固醇过高，注意食物胆固醇含量几乎无效，这是因为身体合成的胆固醇远大于食物摄取的胆固醇，而饱和脂肪、反式脂肪及自由基会刺激身体合成胆固醇、最新研究显示红肉的瘦肉部分也会增加胆固醇合成。
"Hiperkolesterolemia" adalah adanya tingkat tinggi kolesterol dalam darah.dalam bentuk "hiperlipidemia" (peningkatan kadar lipid dalam darah) dan atau "hiperlipoproteinemia" (peningkatan kadar lipoprotein dalam darah).
Kolesterol adalah sterol, lihat struktur diagram di sebelah kanan. Ini adalah salah satu dari tiga kelompok utama lipid yang semua sel hewan guna membangun membran sel hewan dan diproduksi oleh semua sel-sel hewan. Sel tumbuhan tidak memproduksi kolesterol. Ini juga merupakan prekursor dari hormon steroid, asam empedu dan vitamin D.
Karena kolesterol tidak larut dalam air, diangkut dalam plasma darah dalam partikel protein (lipoprotein). Lipoprotein diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kepadatan mereka: lipoprotein kepadatan sangat rendah (VLDL), lipoprotein kepadatan menengah (IDL), lipoprotein kepadatan rendah (LDL) dan lipoprotein kepadatan tinggi (HDL).
2015年3月12日星期四
高血压/Hypertension/darah tinggi
高血压是中风、心肌梗塞（心梗），心衰，动脉的动脉瘤（如主动脉瘤）及外周动脉疾病的一个主要危险因素，也是慢性肾病的起因之一。即使轻度的动脉血压升高也能缩短期待寿命。改变饮食及生活方式可以改善对血压的控制并减少相关的健康风险。但如果生活方式改变没有起效或效用不佳则这些患者常需要使用药物治疗。
Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure, sometimes called arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which theblood pressure in the arteries is elevated. Blood pressure is summarised by two measurements, systolic and diastolic, which depend on whether the heart muscle is contracting (systole) or relaxed between beats (diastole). This equals the maximum and minimum pressure, respectively. There are different definitions of the normal range of blood pressure. Normal blood pressure at rest is within the range of 100–140 mmHg systolic (top reading) and 60–90 mmHg diastolic (bottom reading). High blood pressure is said to be present if it is often at or above 140/90 mmHg.
Hypertension puts strain on the heart, leading to hypertensive heart disease and coronary artery disease.[1] Hypertension is also a major risk factor for stroke, aneurysms of the arteries (e.g. aortic aneurysm), peripheral arterial disease and chronic kidney disease.
Hypertension is classified as either primary (essential) hypertension or secondary hypertension; about 90–95% of cases are categorized as primary hypertension which means high blood pressure with no obvious underlying medical cause.[2] The remaining 5–10% of cases categorized as secondary hypertension is caused by other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system.
Hipertensi (HTN) atau tekanan darah tinggi, kadang-kadang disebut juga dengan hipertensi arteri, adalah kondisi medis kronisdengan tekanan darah di arteri meningkat. Peningkatan ini menyebabkan jantung harus bekerja lebih keras dari biasanya untuk mengedarkan darah melalui pembuluh darah. Tekanan darah melibatkan dua pengukuran, sistolik dan diastolik, tergantung apakah otot jantung berkontraksi (sistole) atau berelaksasi di antara denyut (diastole). Tekanan darah normal pada saat istirahat adalah dalam kisaran sistolik (bacaan atas) 100–140 mmHg dan diastolik (bacaan bawah) 60–90 mmHg. Tekanan darah tinggi terjadi bila terus-menerus berada pada 140/90 mmHg atau lebih.
Hipertensi terbagi menjadi hipertensi primer (esensial) atau hipertensi sekunder. Sekitar 90–95% kasus tergolong "hipertensi primer", yang berarti tekanan darah tinggi tanpa penyebab medis yang jelas.[1] Kondisi lain yang mempengaruhi ginjal, arteri, jantung, atau sistem endokrin menyebabkan 5-10% kasus lainnya (hipertensi sekunder).
Hipertensi adalah faktor resiko utama untuk stroke, infark miokard (serangan jantung), gagal jantung, aneurisma arteri (misalnyaaneurisma aorta), penyakit arteri perifer, dan penyebab penyakit ginjal kronik. Bahkan peningkatan sedang tekanan darah arteri terkait dengan harapan hidup yang lebih pendek. Perubahan pola makan dan gaya hidup dapat memperbaiki kontrol tekanan darah dan mengurangi resiko terkait komplikasi kesehatan. Meskipun demikian, obat seringkali diperlukan pada sebagian orang bila perubahan gaya hidup saja terbukti tidak efektif atau tidak cukup dan biasanya obat harus diminum seumur hidup sampai dokter memutuskan tidak perlu lagi minum obat. Seseorang yang pernah mengalami tekanan darah tinggi, pada kondisi normal dapat saja mengalami tekanan darah kembali dan ini yang harus diwaspadai, banyak kasus stroke terjadi pada saat seseorang lepas obat. Dan banyak orang tidak menyangka bahwa seseorang yang biasanya mengalami tekanan darah rendah suatu kali dapat juga mengalami tekanan darah tinggi. Oleh karena itu pengontrolan tekanan darah secara rutin mutlak dilakukan.
Menopause更年期
Menopause adalah berhentinya secara fisiologis siklus menstruasi yang berkaitan dengan tingkat lanjut usia perempuan. Seorang wanita yang mengalami menopause alamiah sama sekali tidak dapat mengetahui apakah saat menstruasi tertentu benar-benar merupakan menstruasinya yang terakhir sampai satu tahun berlalu. Menopause kadang-kadang disebut sebagai perubahan kehidupan
更年期是女性生命中一个自然的现象。妇女到了四十五至五十五岁之间，卵巢开始缺乏足够卵胞来接受脑下垂体分泌的刺激，以致周期性的雌雄激素及孕激素越来越少，影响子宫内膜周期性的增厚、剥落及出血。结果月经周期变得不规则，时早时迟，经量时多时少。一般而言这些情况会持续一段时期，直至月经不来。当妇女超过一年以上没有月经，才可说是绝经。
Menopause, also known as climacteric, is the time in a woman's life when her menstrual periods stop and she is no longer able to have children.It is said to have occurred when a woman has not had a period for a year.[3] This typically occurs between 45 and 55 years of age.Menopause occurs in all women.
Before menopause a woman's periods are usually irregular. Around menopause there is often hot flashes which typically last 30 seconds to ten minutes and maybe associated with shivering, sweating, and a red blotchy rash.Typically hot flashes stop occurring after a year or two. Other symptoms may include: vaginal dryness, trouble sleeping, and mood changes.[4] The severity of symptoms varies between women.While often linked to heart disease and osteoporosis these primarily occur due to increasing age and not any direct relationship with menopause. Some previous problems that may have been present like endometriosis or painful periods may improve with menopause.
更年期是女性生命中一个自然的现象。妇女到了四十五至五十五岁之间，卵巢开始缺乏足够卵胞来接受脑下垂体分泌的刺激，以致周期性的雌雄激素及孕激素越来越少，影响子宫内膜周期性的增厚、剥落及出血。结果月经周期变得不规则，时早时迟，经量时多时少。一般而言这些情况会持续一段时期，直至月经不来。当妇女超过一年以上没有月经，才可说是绝经。
Menopause, also known as climacteric, is the time in a woman's life when her menstrual periods stop and she is no longer able to have children.It is said to have occurred when a woman has not had a period for a year.[3] This typically occurs between 45 and 55 years of age.Menopause occurs in all women.
Before menopause a woman's periods are usually irregular. Around menopause there is often hot flashes which typically last 30 seconds to ten minutes and maybe associated with shivering, sweating, and a red blotchy rash.Typically hot flashes stop occurring after a year or two. Other symptoms may include: vaginal dryness, trouble sleeping, and mood changes.[4] The severity of symptoms varies between women.While often linked to heart disease and osteoporosis these primarily occur due to increasing age and not any direct relationship with menopause. Some previous problems that may have been present like endometriosis or painful periods may improve with menopause.
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